Scaling Ride-Hailing with Machine Learning on MLflow

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“GOJEK, the Southeast Asian super-app, has seen an explosive growth in both users and data over the past three years. Today the technology startup uses big data powered machine learning to inform decision-making in its ride-hailing, lifestyle, logistics, food delivery, and payment products. From selecting the right driver to dispatch, to dynamically setting prices, to serving food recommendations, to forecasting real-world events. Hundreds of millions of orders per month, across 18 products, are all driven by machine learning. Building production grade machine learning systems at GOJEK wasn’t always easy. Data processing and machine learning pipelines were brittle, long running, and had low reproducibility. Models and experiments were difficult to track, which led to downstream problems in production during serving and model evaluation. In this talk we will cover these and other challenges that we faced while trying to scale end-to-end machine learning systems at GOJEK. We will then introduce MLflow and explore the key features that make it useful as part of an ML platform. Finally, we will show how introducing MLflow into the ML life cycle has helped to solve many of the problems we faced while scaling machine learning at GOJEK.“

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1 .Scaling ride hailing with Md Jawad Data Scientist GOJEK

2 .

3 .Our Scale Thailand Vietnam Singapore Operating in 4 countries and more than 70 cities Indonesia 80m app downloads +250k merchants 4 countries 1m+ drivers 100m+ monthly bookings

4 .#JUSTGOJEKIT

5 .Mobility Data Science Team

6 .Mobility Data Science Team ■ Matchmaking ■ Surge pricing

7 .Industry challenge

8 .Agenda 1. Matchmaking model a. Background b. Challenges c. Desired state 2. MLflow 3. Solution

9 . Choosing best driver for the job Selected driver Heading to home area Customer Lowest ETA High rating

10 .Matchmaking: First Cut Prod Raw Data How can we get models into production asap? Serving

11 .Matchmaking: First Cut Process Raw Data Data Airflow Airflow DAG

12 .Matchmaking: First Cut Prod Deploy Serving Gitlab for CI/CD

13 .Matchmaking: First Cut Process How are we going Prod Raw Data Deploy Data to train models? Serving Airflow

14 .Matchmaking: First Cut Trigger: Daily Schedule Trigger: API Call Helm deploy to Kubernetes Build, Test, Deploy Prod Raw Data Process Data, Train Model Application Serving Airflow

15 .Matchmaking: The Monolith Prod Raw Data Process data + Train models + Deploy Serving Airflow

16 .Challenges with this approach ● Inefficient ○ Need to wait hours for pipeline to run before deploying models ○ Can’t deploy serving without trigger from Airflow

17 .Challenges with this approach ● Inefficient ● Hard to experiment ○ Do we fork the codebase for each small change? ○ Do we fan-in and fan-out a single pipeline? ○ Tracking model performance over time

18 .Challenges with this approach ● Inefficient ● Hard to experiment ● Versioning is broken Model tracking by timestamp?

19 .Challenges with this approach ● Inefficient ● Hard to experiment ● Versioning is broken ● Low reproducibility ○ Pipelines have non-deterministic side inputs (API calls, fetching data, reading configuration) ○ No standardized way to track artifacts or processes

20 .Challenges with this approach ● Inefficient ● Hard to experiment ● Versioning is broken ● Low reproducibility Features? Models? Parameters? Metrics? ● No visibility

21 .Challenges with this approach ● Inefficient ● Hard to experiment How do we scale to 1000s ● Versioning is broken models and new markets? ● Low reproducibility ● Low visibility ● Hard to scale Hardcoded deployments Airflow trains model, targets triggers new deploy through GitLab

22 .Challenges with this approach ● Inefficient ● Hard to experiment ● Versioning is broken ● Low reproducibility ● Low visibility ● Hard to scale ● No separation of roles Responsibility of Data Engineers, Software Engineers, Data Scientists Prod Raw Data Process data + Train models + Deploy Serving

23 .Desired state ● Easy to experiment ● Easy to reproduce results ● Easy to deploy models ● Easy to evaluate performance of features and models ● Capable of scaling to 1000s of models in many regions

24 . μ λθ Tuning Scale An open source platform for the Data Prep machine learning lifecycle μ λθ Tuning Delta Raw Data Training Scale Scale Model Deploy Exchange Governance Scale

25 .MLflow Components Tracking Projects Models Record and query Packaging format General model format experiments: code, for reproducible runs that supports diverse data, config, results on any platform deployment tools

26 .Key Concepts in Tracking • Parameters: key-value inputs to your code • Metrics: numeric values (can update over time) • Artifacts: arbitrary files, including models • Source: which version of code ran?

27 .Legacy ML workflow Prod Raw Data Process data + Train models + Deploy Serving Airflow

28 .Approach 1. Decouple based on concerns Process Train Prod Raw Data ??? ??? Deploy Data Models Serving Airflow

29 .Approach 1. Decouple based on concerns 2. Implement ML pipeline solution Process Train Prod Raw Data ??? ??? Deploy Data Models Serving Airflow

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